TEN/MET yawasilisha mapendekezo ya bajeti yenye mrengo wa Kijinsia Bungeni

 

Na Deogratius Temba

Mtandao wa Elimu Tanzania (TEN/MET) umewasilisha mapendekezo ya Bajeti yenye mrengo wa Kijinsia kwa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge, jijini Dodoma.

Wajumbe wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Bajeti wakiwa katika picha ya pamoja na wanachama wa Mtandao wa Elimu Tanzania baada ya kuwasilisha mapendekezo ya Bajeti yenye mrengo wa Kijinsia.Mwenye suti nyeusi mbele kabisa ni Mwenyekiti wa Kamati  Mhe. Daniel Sillo.

Mapendekezo hayo ambayo yanalenga kuishawishi serikali kuingiza masuala ya Kijinsia kwenye sekta ya Elimu ili kuongeza ubora wa elimu unaowanufaisha wanafunzi wa kike, kiume na wenye ulemavu yamewasilishwa kwa kwmaati ya Kudumu ya Bunge wakati ambapo mchakato wa bajeti kwa mwaka wa fedha 2023/2024 unaendelea.

Miongoni mwa mapendekezo yaliyowasilishwa kwa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ni pamoja na:

Utengwaji wa bajeti kwa ajili ya kutoa pedi bure kwa wanafunzi; ambapo TEN/MET ilishauri kwamba serikali iondoe  kodi ya VAT kwenye bidhaa za hedhi salama.  Na pia serikali itenge fedha kwenye Bajeti zake za elimu kwa ajili ya kuwezesha wasichana kupatiwa taulo za kike bure shuleni.

Kutokana na kuendelea kuwepo kwa mdondoko wa wanafunzi wa kike na wa kiume kwenye mfumo wa elimu ya msingi na sekondari.  TEN/MET ilipendekeza, kuweka mkazo kwenye ujenzi wa mabweni katika shule za kata na kuhakikisha watoto wanapata chakula shuleni

Pia TEN/MET ilipendekeza kwamba  serikali iangalie namba ya kuongeza bajeti ya  Miundombinu mfano idadi toshelezi ya vyoo vyenye mfumo wa maji tiririka kwenye shule za msingi na sekondari. “Tunapendekeza, bajeti kwaajili ya SWASH program isimamiwe kikamilifu kuondoa changamoto hii. Halmashauri ambazo hazipo kwenye miradi ya SWASH zielekezwe kutenga fedha kupitia mapato ya ndani ili vyoo vinavyojengwa viweze kuwa na miundombinu yenye kukidhi mahitaji ya hedhi salama, hii itasaidia wasichana wanaoingia hedhi kushiriki masomo kwa siku zote bila kukosa” alisema sehemu ya mapendekezo hayo iliyowasilishwa na Deogratius Temba, mchambuzi na mkufunzi wa Bajeti yenye mrengo wa Kijinsia.

Pia ilielezwa  kwamba wasichana walio acha masomo kwa  ujauzito wanakumbana na changamoto mbalimbali wakati wa kurejea shuleni katika mfumo rasmi na usio rasmi.   Na kupendekeza kwamba serikali imarishe vituo vya kutolea elimu ili viwe rafiki kwa wanafunzi hao

Awali akitoa utangulizi kwa mbele ya  Kamati, Meneja Programu wa TEN/MET, Bi. Martha Makala, alisema kwamba TEN/MET ni Mtandao mpana unaoundwa na mashirika Zaidi ya 180 ambayo yanafanya kazi nchi nzima yakiwa ynajishughulisha na afua mbalimbali za elimu hasa utetezi kwenye usawa wa Kijinsia katika elimu.

Alisema kwamba, pamoja na kufanya afua za kutoa elimu, mashirika wanachama wa TEN/MET waliosambaa kila kona ya nchi wamechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa ujenzi wa miundombinu ya kutolea elimu chini kwa kushirikiana na halmashauri za wilaya.

Global Peace Foundation Tanzania incubated 54 Young CEO through Ujasiliamali Hub

By Dr Fatma Waziri, Dar es salaam

 Youth unemployment in Tanzania is most structural and on the demand side of the labor market. Hence entrepreneurship, including youth entrepreneurship, can contribute to the solution. 

 If equipped with the right skills, mentors, social networks, technology and finance young entrepreneurs could drive the country’s economic growth and even regional to global. 

Entrepreneurship programs offer the youth a wide range to learn how academic skills connect to real business opportunities and hopes for success. For the past three years, Global Peace Foundation Tanzania has been providing training on entrepreneurship among youth to enable them with proper business management skills known as Ujasiliamali Hub.

The project's beneficiaries are Tanzanian Youth who are between 18 years to 35, and started their business or have not yet but have an idea of a business they want to do. Through Ujasilimali Hub youth learn from scratch and in the end, they start or continue doing their business in a more professional and systematic way. The cohort 54 youth have benefited from the training which began last year in November. 

They are currently undertaking mentoring and coaching from experienced business experts from Brazil. "The beneficiaries are currently undergoing mentorship for 90 days and after that, they will be well equipped to go on the ground and put into practice what they have learned in order to scale up their businesses," said Benson Daud, project officer.

One of the Beneficiary holding the participation certificate
 

He further pointed out that at first, they received over 100 applications from youth who successfully joined the program and complete the course 54 of them were absorbed. According to him, some of the imparted skills imparted to the trainees include my dream, business, products, advertising, research, profile, price, personal development, ideas, brand, location, and action plan, whereby the results have already shown the students are taking the knowledge in practice. Edson Gabriel (28) from Kigoma, was among the 54 students who attended the online training, he has this to say; 

“ I started to operate my business two years ago, but I was operating without any formalities, however after attending Ujasiliamali Hub online training, I have registered my business as one of the training assignments, I am now the CEO of KIBONDO CROPS AND PROCESSOR company, and my business has grown now. 

 I can now confidently buy crops from farmers and sell them to upcountry regions here in Tanzania and cross borders within East Africa Countries like Rwanda, Kenya, and DRC” said Edson Fatma Wambura (24) one of the beneficiaries thanked the Brazil experts for the quality support and motivation they are giving them, “We are currently being mentored by Madam Priscilla and coached by Mr Guilheme from Brazil for 90 days, so far my confidence in business has been boosted a lot. I have started producing liquid soaps for household use. 

My goal is, at the end of this year I should be able to own a small company and employ other people as my contribution to reducing the unemployment rate of my fellow youth”

 Speaking at a certificate handling ceremony for the 54 beneficiaries held in Dar es Salaam at the Global Peace Foundation Tanzania offices, Senior Program Manager Dr. Fatma Waziri said various interventions are being done to acquire enough funds to support them."We are talking with different business stakeholders in the country for the sake of making a bridge to connect these learners so that they can have immediate results once they complete their studies," she said. 

 In the same token, GPF  Tanzania Country Director Martha Nghambi reiterated that they will continue to offer entrepreneurship training each year in order to reach many youths and give them basic business concepts. "For many years, we have been conducting similar training targeting widows, disabled women and youths by providing practical and theory training sessions," Nghambi remarked. 

 On her part, one of the beneficiaries of the initiative Happiness Minga revealed that they have grasped many important things which will help them to run their businesses at ease. "Previously, we used to run my business without adhering to fundamental principles but now, we have learned how to advertise our products, brand, seek new customers, and make good business planning," she said. 

 The Dar es Salaam Youth Regional Officer, Mr. Zephaniah Masalid, who was the guest of honor encouraged the youth to continue following the instructions and the coaching they are receiving because currently, the Government has created a friendly online system for any youth group can apply for funds from the councils and municipals 10% of their revenue known as 4: 4: 2. “ I am congratulating you for this achievement, as for now there is an online system for youth fund application, use this opportunity to apply for a soft loan. You will be considered without biases”

The Global Peace Foundation Tanzania (GPF) have been empowering youth since 2015.

Wadau wagoma wanaume kuwa sehemu ya wahanga wa Ukatili wa kijinsia

Na Mwandishi Wetu, JmaiiVoice Mashirika yanayofanya utetezi wa haki za wanawake na watoto nchini Tanzania, yametoa mapendekezo juu ya rasimu ya kwanza ya Mpango wa Taifa wa Kutokomeza Ukatili wa Kijinsia kwa wanawake na watoto (MTAKUWWA) kuwa wanaume wasitajwe kuwa ni sehemu ya kundi lililoko hatarini kuathiriwa na Ukatili wa Kijinsia. Wakizungumza na wandishi wa Habari, jijini Dar es salaam, wadau hao wa masuala ya Ukatili wa Kijinsia, Haki za watoto na wanawake, walisema kwamba; “ ….tumesikitishwa sana na pendekezo lililotolewa la kujumuisha wanaume kama kundi linalokabiliwa na vitendo vya ukatili, sawa na wanawake na watoto kwenye Mpango Kazi wa Kitaifa wa Kutokomeza Ukatili na tungependa kuweka wazi msimamo wetu wa kutokubaliana na pendekezo hili” ilisema sehemu ya taarifa yao. Pendekezo hili linalopingwa na wadau hao, limeainishwa kwenye rasimu ya mpango kazi kama inavyosomeka “ Mpango Kazi wa Taifa wa Kutokomeza Ukatili dhidi ya Wanawake, Watoto na Wanaume 2023 - 2027” Ikumbukwe kuwa MTAKUWWA 2017/18 - 2021/22 ilitengenezwa kwa kufuata maazimio ya kitaifa na kikanda yaliyoongozwa na takwimu kuhusu aina mbalimbali za ukatili na makundi yanayopitia ukatili zaidi katika jamii yetu. Maazimio haya yalijikita katika kuongeza jitihada za kuzuia ukatili hasa kwa wanawake na watoto, ili kufikia Malengo ya Maendeleo Endelevu ya mwaka 2030 (hasa lengo 5.2 na 16.2), Ajenda ya Afrika Tuitakayo ya mwaka 2063 na Dira ya Maendeleo ya Taifa ya mwaka 2025 ikilenga maisha bora, utawala bora na utawala wa sheria. Taarifa hiyo imeelza kwamba, Katika jamii ya Tanzania, ukatili ni hali halisi ya kila siku kwa idadi kubwa ya wanawake na watoto kama ilivyo sehemu nyingi duniani. Kulingana na Ripoti ya Kimataifa ya Maendeleo ya Binadamu ya 2015, 35% ya wanawake ulimwenguni wamepitia ukatili wa kimwili au wa kingono kutoka kwa wenzi wao ambao huathiri ustawi wa wanawake. Hapa Tanzania, karibu wanawake wanne kati ya kumi wamepitia ukatili wa kimwili, na mwanamke mmoja kati ya watano amepitia ukatili wa kingono katika kipindi cha maisha yake. Ukatili wa kingono na kimwili kwa wanawake ndani ya ndoa umekuwa zaidi kwa 44%. Vilevile, baadhi ya mila na desturi za kitanzania zimekuwa zikishikilia mfumo dume ambao umeendelea kuwakandamiza wanawake na watoto huku wanaume wakionekana kuwa bora zaidi, jambo ambalo limefanya wanawake na watoto kuendelea kuwa kundi lililo hatarini zaidi katika kuathirika na vitendo vya ukatili. Wadau hao, wamehitimisha kwa kutoa msimamo wao juu ya suala hilo, ambao ni: • Rasimu ya Mpango Kazi wa Taifa wa Kutokomeza Ukatili, itoe neno wanaume, na isomeke, Mpango wa Taifa wa Kutokomeza Ukatili kwa Wanawake na Watoto 2023 - 2027. • Mpango Kazi wa Kitaifa wa Kutokomeza Ukatili, uendelee kuwatambua wanawake na watoto kama kundi linaloathirika zaidi na ukatili wa kijinsia katika jamii na linalohitaji kuwekewa mifumo wezeshi ili kuwalinda dhidi ya vitendo hivyo. Kwa kuwatambua wanaume kama focus ya mpango kazi, mpango kazi wa kitaifa unakuwa umepoteza lengo lake. • Wanaume waendelee kushiriki katika mapambano dhidi ya ukatili kwa wanawake na watoto kama mabalozi,na sio kutambulika kama kundi linalokandamizwa. • Wanaume wanaweza kuendelea kuripoti vitendo vya ukatili wa kijinsia dhidi yao kwa kutumia mifumo mingine ya kisheria bila kuingilia jitihada ambazo zimekua zikifanyika kuwakomboa wanawake na watoto ambao ndio waathirika wakubwa. • Utengenezwaji wa Mpango Kazi mpya uzingatie na kuongozwa na takwimu kuhusu hali halisi ya ukatili katika nchi yetu. Jitihada zaidi ziwekwe kwenye kuboresha mifumo ya kuzuia na kushughulikia matukio ya ukatili, kuimarisha uratibu na kuongeza rasilimali fedha kwenye afua zinazolenga kutokomeza ukatili kwa wanawake na watoto.

Mashirika yanayotetea Haki za wanawake na usawa wa Kijinsia kupambana na Ukatili wa Kijinsia

Mashirika yanayotetea Haki za wanawake na usawa wa Kijinsia kupambana na Ukatili wa Kijinsia Na Deogratius Temba Mashirika yanayotetea Haki za wanawake na Usawa wa Kijinsia nchini yamekubaliana kwa pamoja kushirikiana katika ngazi ya wilaya kuzuia vitendo vya Ukatili wa Kijinsia unaotokana na uwepo wa mila na desturi kandamizi na zilizopitwa na wakati ili kulinda utu na hadhi ya mtoto wa kike Wakizungumza wakati wa kuweka maazimio ya kuhitimisha mafunzo ya siku nne ya kujenga uwezo juu ya Ushawishi na Utetezi yaliyoandaliwa na Mtandao wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP), walikubaliana kwamba, watahakikisha katika ngazi ya wilaya wanaendeleza na kuimarisha nguvu ya pamoja na TAPO la harakati za utetezi wa Haki za wanawake na usawa wa Kijinsia ili kutokomeza vitendo vya Ukatili, udhalilishaji.

Aidha katika mafunzo hayo, wamekubaliana pia, kwenda kujenga uwezo kwa jamii kushiriki kikamilifu katika mchakato wa uandaaji wa Bajeti katika ngazi ya jamii, hasa mchakato wa O&OD, ili kuweza kushawishi bajeti za serikali za Mitaa zizingatie mahitaji ya kijinsia. Awali washiriki hao, walipitishwa lkatika mzunguko wa Bajeti na fursa zilizopo kwa CSOs/ WROs kuibua masuala ya kijinsia ngazi ya jamii na kuyafanyia ushawishi na uchechemuzi ili yaingizwe kwenye bajeti za Halmashauri.

Malengo ya mafunzo haya ni; Kubainisha umuhimu wa asasi kujihusisha na michakato sera na bajeti ya kijinsia katika muktadha wa Tanzania, Kuhamasisha ujenzi wa nguvu za pamoja na mbinu za kimkakati katika kushawishi uingizwaji wa masuala ya jinsia katika bajeti.

Washiriki walikubaliana kwamba; kuna haja ya washiriki wote kwenda kutoa elimu au kufanya mrejesho kwa ofisi zao kili kurejesha elimu ya usawa wa kijinsia na kuzifanya taasisi ziwe na mrengo wa kijinsia.

DHANA MUHIMU ZA JINSIA

DHANA MUHIMU ZA JINSIA KATIKA MUKTADHA WA UONGOZI  NA USAWA WA KIJINSIA  

  Dhana Maana 

1. Jinsi Hii inahusu hali ya kibaiolojia ya mtu ambapo atajulikana kama mwanaume au mwanamke (KE and ME]. Hali hii haitofautiani kati ya tamaduni moja na nyingine. Na haibadiliki kwa namna yeyote. 

 2. Jinsia Hii inahusu tabia na kazi zinazofanywa na wanaume na wanawake kulingana na matarajio ya jamii. Tofauti na ilivyo kwa kazi za kibilojia, kazi kijinsia zinatofautiana kati ya jamii moja na nyingine. Kila jamii ina itikadi yake kuhusu jinsia, na inatoa tafsiri kuhusu kazi zipi ni za wanaume na ni zipi za wanawake, haki zao ni zipi, majukumu, pamoja na umiliki wa raslimali. Kila mwana jamii wa jamii husika atajifunza kuhusu mitazamo ya jamii yake tangu akiwa mtoto na wakati wa kupokelewa katika rika la utu uzima. 

Tofauti za kijinsia hutokea pale ambapo kazi, haki, majukumu, na raslimali hutofautishwa kati ya wanawake na wanaume. Kazi nyingine za kijinsia zina mizizi iliyojikita katika utamaduni na pengine huwa chanzo cha kunyanyua na kuwapa thamani watu katika jamii husika huku nyingine zikishusha thamani ya wengine.

 3. Uchambuzi wa kijinsia: Huu ni mchakato wa kuchambua kazi na majukumu au suala lingine lolote lile linalohusu wanawake na wanaume, wavulana na wasichana, kwa lengo la kutambua mahitaji mahususi ya wasichana na wavulana, wanawake na wanaume kwa ajili ya uandaaji na utekelezaji wa sera na programu za maendeleo. 

 4. Ubaguzi wa Kijinsia Kunyima fursa na haki au kutoa upendeleo kwa watu fulani kulingana na jinsia zao. 

 5. Usawa wa kijinsia (equality) Hii inahusu utoaji haki, heshima, na fursa sawa kwa wote bila kujali jinsia. 

 6. Fursa sawa kwa Jinsia (Equity) Hii ni kanuni ya haki sawa na utoaji wa huduma inayofanana kwa wanawake na wanume na hii hupelekea katika usawa wa kijinsia baada ya kipindi cha muda mrefu.

 7. Mtazamo potofu wa Kijinsia (Stereotype) Hii inahusu taswira potofu juu ya wanawake au wanaume ambazo hazina msingi wa kisayansi au uthibitisho wa kisayansi. Mara nyingi hutokana na imani za kitamaduni au za kidini, au maadili ya kimila. 

  10 Mwongozo wa Mafunzo Juu ya Uhamasishaji wa Wanawake kuhusu Uongozi 

 8. Uzingatiaji wa Jinsia Ni mchakato unaolenga kuhakikisha kuwa wanawake na wanaume wana haki sawa ya umiliki na usimamizi wa raslimali, manufaa ya maendeleo, na utoaji wa maamuzi katika hatua zote za shughuli za maendeleo kwa kuhakikisha kuwa mahitaji, masilahi, na vipaumbele vya wanawake na wanaume yanazingatiwa katika sera, programu na miradi yote. Hii itahitaji: a. Tathmini endelevu ya matokeo na madhara ya sheria, miradi na sera juu ya wanawake na wanaume b. Uandaaji na utekelezaji wa mikakati na shughuli ambazo zinalenga kushughulikia kwa ubora zaidi mahitaji ya wanawake na wanaume, kuboresha hali za maisha yao, na kuwezesha ushiriki wao katika shughuli za maendeleo. 

  9. Upofu wa Kijinsia Ni kushindwa kutambua kuwa mahitaji ya wanawake na wanaume yanatofautiana. Mtazamo wenye upofu wa kijinsia unachukulia kuwa suala la jinsia halina umuhimu katika miradi, programu, au sera (UNDP 2007). 

 1O. Uongozi wa kimageuzi wa kifeministi. Ni uongozi ambao msingi wake ni nadharia ya usawa wa kijinsia kuhusu haki katika jamii ambayo imeleta mabadiliko kwa mtu binafsi na kwa kundi katika kutumia nguvu yake, raslimali na ujuzi, kwa njia isiyo na ukandamizaji, kwa kupitia mifumo jumuishi na michakato ili kuhamasisha wengine – hususan wanawake na makundi mengine yaliyoko pembezoni na kuwainganisha chini ya ajenda ya pamoja ya jamii, utamaduni, mabadiliko ya kiuchumi na kisiasa kwa lengo la kuleta usawa na kupata haki za binadamu kwa watu wote (Wakefield 2017). 

 11. Ukatili wa Kijinsia Ukatili wa kijinsia ni ukatili dhidi ya wanaume kutokana na mwanamke kuwa na nafasi ya chini kaitka jamii. Hii inajumuisha tendo au tishio lolote, linalofanywa na mwanaume au taasisi iliyotawaliwa zaidi na wanaume, anbalo litasababisha madhara ya kimwili, kingono, au kisaikolojia kwa mwanamke au msichana kutokana na jinsia yake ya kike. Katika tamaduni nyingi, imani za kimila zinahalalisha na hivyo kuendeleza ukatili dhidi ya wanawake. Ukatili wa kingono ni pamoja na ukatili wa juu ya mwili, wa kijinsia, wa kisaikolojia mfano ni ukatili wa majumbani, unyanyasaji wa kingono kama vile ubakaji na unyanyasaji wa kingono wa watoto unaofanywa na wanafamilia, mimba za kulazimishwa, utumwa wa kingono, vitendo vya kimila vinavyowadhuru wanawake kama vile mauaji ya kimila, kuchomwa moto au kumwagiwa tindikali, ukeketaji wa sehemu za siri za wanawake, unyanyasaji unaohusiana na mahari, unyanyasaji katika maeneo ya vita kama vile mauaji, unyasaji wa kihisia kama vile kulazimishwa na matumizi ya lugha ya kashfa. Usafirishaji haramu wa wanawake na wasichana kwa ajili ya biashara ya ngono, ndoa za kulazimishwa, unyanyasaji wa kijinsia na vitisho mahali pa kazi nayo ni nyongeza za mifano ya ukatili dhidi ya wanawake. Unyanyasaji wa kijinsia hutokea katika maeneo ya ‘umma’ na ‘binafsi’. Ukatili huu hautokei katika familia na jamii pekee lakini mara nyingine huendekezwa na taifa kwa kupitia sera zake au vitendo vya vyombo vya serikali kama vile jeshi la polisi, mamlaka za kijeshi au uhamiaji. Ukatili wa kijinsia hutokea katika kila jamii katika matabaka yote ya jamii huku wanawake wakiwa wapo katika hatari zaidi ya kuathiriwa na wanaume wanaowafahamu. 

 12 Mgawanyo wa majukumu kijinsia (gender roles) Ni kugawana majukumu kulingana na jinsi au jamii husika. Ni muhimu kuzingatia kwamba yapo majukumu mahususi kwa wanawake kutokana na maumbile mfano kubeba ujauzito, kujifungua, kuingia hedhi, na kunyonyesha ilihali jukumu la wanaume kijinsi ni kutunga mimba. Mahitaji haya yanamfanya mwanamke uhitaji rasilimali zaidi za kibajeti kuliko mwanaume. Majukumu mengine yote kando ya haya tunayaita majukumu ya kijinsia ambayo hujengwa na jamii husika 

 13. Mahitaji ya kimkakati kijinsia (Gender strategic needs) Ni mahitaji yanayowezesha safari ya maendeleo ambayo kila mtu anatakiwa kuyapata katika jamii ili kumkwamua kiuchumi au kijamii. Mfano elimu kuhakikisha kila shule ina mabweni ya wasichana, fursa za mikopo eg 4.4.2, CHF, ufikiaji wa rasilimali nk 

 14 Mfumo Dume au Mfumo Kandamizi (Patriarchy) Huu ni mfumo, hauna sura ya kike wala ya Kiume. Ni mfumo wa kuhodhi madaraka, maamuzi na umiliki wa rasilimali. Kwa vile wanaouhodhi mara nyingi ni wanaumme, basi ni Mfumo wa maisha unaopendelea wanaume katika ngazi zote kuanzia kaya, jamii, taifa hadi kimataifa. Mfumo huu unaelekeza umiliki wa rasilimali, maamuzi na majukumu ya kazi. Katika ngazi zote mfumo huu unawapendelea wanaume hasa wazee na kutoa nafasi, miliki kidogo sana kwa wanawake na vijana. Mfumo unaendelezwa na sera, sheria na mikakati mbalimbali ya maendeleo. Umejikita katika nyanja zote za maisha kupitia malezi na makuzi, elimu, mila na desturi

USHIRIKI WA JAMII KATIKA USHAWISHI NA UCHECHEMUZI KATIKA NGAZI YA SERIKALI ZA MITAA NA SERIKALI KUU

 USHIRIKI WA JAMII KATIKA USHAWISHI NA UCHECHEMUZI KATIKA NGAZI YA SERIKALI ZA MITAA NA SERIKALI KUU

WARSHA YA ASASI ZA KIRAIA ZINAZOTETEA HAKI ZA WANAWAKE NA USAWA WA KIJINSIA KWAJILI YA KUBORESHA MBINU ZA USHAWISHI A UTETEZI/UCHECHEMUZI YALIYOANDALIWA NA MTANDAO WA JINSIA TANZANIA (TGNP)

Disemba,2022

Inawasilishwa na Deogratius Temba.

Katika Hotel ya Tiffany- Dar es salaam

Mamlaka ya Wananchi katika kushiriki shughuli za maendeleo na upangaji wa Bajeti katika ngazi za jamii

Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania (1977), Mamlaka yote ya serikali na viongozi wa umma hutoka kwa wananchi. Hii ina maana kuwa wananchi ndio wenye mamlaka makubwa zaidi ambayo hutoa uhalali na mamlaka kwa serikali na vyombo vyake. Vivyo hivyo rasilimali zote za taifa na ugawaji wake kimatumizi vinakuwa chini ya mwananchi. Wananchi ndio wanaolipa kodi na kutoa michango mbalimbali inayoiwezesha serikali kutekeleza mipango mbalimbali ya maendeleo. Kwa mantiki hiyo, wananchi ndio wenye maslahi na rasilimali zao, kwa mustakabali wa nchi yao.

Na hivyo, kuwa na haki yenye shauku ya kushiriki katika mchakato wa uandaaji wa bajeti na utekelezaji wake (matumizi) ni suala la msingi kwa kila mwananchi kulizingatia. Takwimu zinaonesha kuwa karibu asilimia 80 ya wananchi wote wa tanzania ni wakulima na wengi wao wakiwa wakulima na wafugaji wadogo na wa kati, ni muhimu kwa kundi hili kuzingatia mamlaka yake na kushiriki kikamilifu katika mchakato wa bajeti. Kwa upande mwingine ni wajibu wa serikali kuzingatia na kuyafanyia kazi mapendekezo au vipaumbele vya kundi hili.

Umuhimu wa mamlaka za serikali za Mitaa

Kwa mujibu wa ibara ya 145 na 146 Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Serikali za Mitaa ni vyombo vya haki na vyenye mamlaka ya kushiriki na kushirikisha wananchi katika kupanga na kutekeleza shughuli za maendeleo na utoaji wa huduma katika sehemu zao. Serikali za Mitaa huanzishwa kwa madhumuni ya kuwahudumia wananchi na kuwapelekea madaraka kwa kuwajengea uwezo wa kiuchumi, kijamii, kisiasa na kiutamaduni.

Majukumu ya serikali za Mitaa

•       Majukumu na kazi za jumla na za lazima za Serikali za Mitaa ziko katika Sheria za Serikali za Mitaa Sura 287 na 288 Toleo la 2002 awali Sheria Na 7 na 8 za mwaka 1982.

•       Katiba ya Tanzania inaelekeza kwamba Serikali za Mitaa zitakuwa na madhumuni, majukumu na kazi kuu tatu zifuatazo:

1. Kutekeleza    majukumu          ya  Serikali  za    Mitaa    katika    maeneo               ya mamlaka zao;

Majukumu ya serikali za Mitaa

•       Kuhakikisha utekelezaji wa sheria na usalama wa wananchi; na

•       Kuimarisha demokrasia katika maeneo yake na kuitumia katika kuongeza kasi ya maendeleo ya watu (kwa kufanya vikao vya mashauriano)

•       Hivyo majukumu ya Meya/Mwenyekiti wa Halmashauri, Madiwani, Wenyeviti wa Vijiji, Mitaa na Vitongoji wote, msingi wake mkuu ni maelekezo hayo ya Katiba  na  Sheria  za  Serikali  za  Mitaa  pamoja  na  miongozo  na nyaraka mbalimbali zilizotolewa/zitakazotolewa na Serikali kwa mujibu wa Sheria.

Upangaji mipango katika Mamlaka za serikali za Mitaa

•       Upangaji Mipango na Bajeti katika ngazi za msingi za MSM una anzia katika ngazi za Vitongoji/Vijiji au Mitaa ambapo Jamii inashiriki kufanya uchambuzi wa matatizo  na mahitaji halisi.

•       Kabla ya upangaji wa mipango ya jamii, vijiji/mitaa vinapaswa kutambua jitihada za jamii zilizopo katika maeneo yao.

O&OD

•       O&OD- Opportunity and Obstacles in Development (mchakato wa kuibua fursa na vikwazo katika maendeleo, ni mfumo unaosimamiwa na serikalini kupitia Ofisi ya Rais- Tamisemi, ambao unalenga kuwapa wanajamii nafasi ya kushiriki kikamilifu katika kuibua changamoto zao na kuweka vipaumbele vya kutekeleza kutokana na uwezo wao na pia uwezo wa serikali kwa wakati huo.

•       Ni mpango unaolenga kuondoa dhana ya utegemezi kwa serikali, ambapo kupitia fursa ya kushiriki vikao vya kuibua, kupanga na kutekeleza, wananchi wanaweza kuwa na umiliki wa miradi inayotekelezwa kwenye eneo lao. Ni Mpango shirikishi unaoleta maendeleo ya haraka.

CHIMBUKO LA O&OD

•       Ili kutekeleza adhima ya Ugatauji wa madaraka(D by D)  kikamilifu, Ofisi ya Rais- Tamisemi ilianzisha mfumo wa upangaji wa Mipango Shirikishi Jamii wa Fursa na Vikwazo katika maendeleo (Opportunities & Obstacles in  Development- O&OD) wa mwaka 2001

•       Mfumo huu ulisisitiza umuhimu wa kuhakikisha kwamba mipango ya Maendeleo  inahusisha mahitaji  halisi ya jamii  katika ngazi ya msingi (kata, Mitaa na Vitongoji)

Changamoto za mfumo wa O&OD wa awali

•       Ushiriki hafifu wa jamii- huu mfumo awali ulijikta katika uibuaji wa vipaumbele vya jamii kwa kutegemea serikali itekeleze vipaumbele hivyo. Hivyo kutokana na ufinyu wa bajeti, jamii ikakosa hamasa ya kuendelea kushiriki katika mchakato huu

•       Jamii kukosa Moyo wa Umiliki wa Miradi: licha ya kushiriki katika mchakato wa kupibua na kupanga vipaumbele, umiliki wa mpango wa bajeti ulibaki mikononi mwa halmashauri na kazi ya jamii iliishia kuibua vipaumbele tu

•       Utegemezi wa jamii kwa serikali: Mchakato wa Uibuaji wa vipaumbele vya miradi ya maendeleo ulifanya jamii kuamini kwamba baada ya kuibua miradi yao ya maendeleo serikali itatekeleza. Hali hii liifanya jamii kuachana masuala yote ya msingi kwa serikali hata yale yaliyo ndani ya uwezo wao

MFUMO WA O&OD ULIOBORESHWA

•       Katika kutatua changamotozilizoainishwa hapo juu: na kuliwezesha taifa kufikia maendeleo endelevu, serikali imefanya maboresho katika mfumo huu kwa kuishirikisha jamii katika hatua za awali za kuibua, kupanga na kuonesha jitihada zao.

•       Msingi mkuu wea mfumo wa O&OD ulioboreshwa  umejikita katika dhana ya kwamba wananchi ndio wahusika wakuu wa shughuli z maendeleo bila ya kuisubiria serikali ifanye kwaajili yao.

•       Katika mfumo wa O&OD  ulioboreshwa wanajamii watapanga  mipango yao kulingana na mahitaji halisi, uwezo wa kitaasisi,  na rasilimali walizo nazo kwa kushirikiana na MSM

UMUHIMU WA MFUMO WA O&OD ULIOBORESHWA

•       Kujenga uwezo wa jamii

•       Uendelevu wa Miradi

•       Kupungua kwa gharama za Utekelezaji wa Miradi

•       Kuimarisha mahusiano na ushirikiano baina ya jamii na serikali

•       Utawala Bora katika ngazi ya msingi

•       Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi katika ngazi za Msingi

 

MCHAKATO WA KUANDAA BAJETI NA KUINGIZA MASUALA YA KIJINSIA

DATE/ MONTHS	SHUGHULI INAYOFANYIKA WAKATI HUU	TAASISI HUSIKA	FURSA ILIYOPO KUTOKA KWA WADAU
JULAI O1-JUNI 3O	Huu ni mwaka wa utekelezaji wa Bajeti ya  Mwaka wa fedha ambao umeanzia Julai 1, na utathimini na ufuatiliaji	Wadau wote wa maendeleo, serikali na jamii	Ni kipindi cha kusambaza machapisho, tafiti, chambuzi  za Bajeti kwa mrengo wa kijinsia. Na kufuatilia utekelezaji wake
Agosti - Septemba	Maandalizi ya Bajeti ya mwaka mwingine wa fedha. Halmashauri zinawasilisha mwongozo wa mchakato wa kukusanya maoni ya vipaumbele vya Miradi kwa serikali za Mitaa/Vijiji/Kata.   MAANDALIZI YA MWONGOZO WA BAJETI NGAZI YA TAIFA	Halmashauri, WDC/ Vijiji/Mitaa     Kamati ya Bajeti, DPPs, Makatibu wakuu, kamishina wa bajeti	-Mafunzo kwa CMT, Mafunzo kwa WDC, WEOs,VEOs, na waheshimiwa madiwani juu ya uandaaji wa Bajeti       Kukutana na DPPs na kamati ya Bajeti ngazi ya Taifa, OR-TAMISEMI, na wadau wengine wa bajeti. Mashirika ya kijamii yanafursa kubwa kujenga mahusiano na serikali katika eneo hili
Oktoba	Vikao vya robo ya pili ya Mwaka vinafanyika kupitisha maoni ya wananchi kuhusu miradi ya vipaumbele/ Kila Kijiji kinafanya mikutano hii muhimu.	VEOs/Wenyeviti wa Vijiji na wananchi wote	Kutumia fursa hii kuwawezesh ili wawe na jicho la kijinsia wakati wa kuibua, wananchi/ vikundi vilivyofanyiwa  mafunzo ya Bajeti yenye mrengo wa kijinsia
Novemba- Disemba	Mipango ya Mitaa/Vijiji iliyopangwa kwa kutumia mchakato shirikishi wa kuibua fursa na vikwanzo (O&OD) wakisaidiwa na watendaji wa Halmashauri- vinatumwa Halmashauri kwa kupitiwa.	WDC/WEO	Mafunzo kwa madiwani ili kuwanadaa kupokea mipango ya halmshauri, CMT ki- halmashauri wanaweza kujengewa uwezo wakati huu kwa kunagalia chambuzi za bajeti za nyuma kwa mrengo wa kijinsia, mapungufu yake
Disemba	WDC zinakaa kupitisha  na kuziunganisha Mipango ya Bajeti kutoka kwenye vijiji /Mitaa yote ya Kata na kuiwasilisha Halmashauri	WDC/WEO	Jamii iwezeshwe  kuwa na agenda na mapendekezo yao ya bajeti  na yawasilishwe kwenye Kata. CSOs zijitahidi kushiriki vikao vya WDC, kama hawaalikwi wanapaswa kuulizia kwa WEO
Januari	Mipango ya Kata, inapitiwa na Halmashauri, na kuunganishwa pamoja ili kuwa na Bajeti moja ya Halmashauri	CMTs na kamati ya Bajeti ya Halmashauri	Mafunzi kwa CMT wakiwa pamoja, kuangalia masuala waliyoyazingatia katika bajeti zao.
Februari	Majukwaa ya Kiushauri yanakutana kupitia Bajeti ya Halmashauri (DCC/RCC) na Baraza la Madiwani kwaajili ya kupitisha Bajeti ya Halmashauri	DCC/RCC/Kamati za kudumu za Madiwani, wadau wengine	Asasi za Kiraia ni wajumbe wa Kikao hiki. Wanapswa kushiriki, wakiwa na agenda na waishauri serikali kuzingatia usawa wa Kijinsia katika bajeti
Februari	Mapitio na Marekebisho ya Bajeti za Halmashauri iliyopitishwa na Full Council, DCC, RCC	OR- TAMISEMI- idara ya bajeti za serikali za Mitaa	Kuendelea kufanya kazi na idara ya bajeti za serikali za Mitaa
Machi	Mapitio ya Bajeti za Halmashauri , kuingiza Takwimu, na kuchapisha vitabu vya bajeti (kamati ndogo ya Bajeti ya serikali kuu inakaa)	Wizara ya Fedha, Utumishi, OR-TAMISEMI,	Kuendeela kuziandaa Kamati za Bunge juu ya masuala ya msingi ya kijinsia ili wakipokea Bajeti wawe na jicho la kijinsia
Aprili- Juni	Mjadala wa kina juu ya Bajeti zote za sekta na Bajeti ya Jumla kwenyekamati za Bunge na Bunge linapitisha Bajeti husika	Bunge na wataaluamu kutoka wizara zote za kisekta	Kushiriki na kufuatilia mijadala na kuweka ushauri Zaidi wa kitaalamu

MASWALI YA VIKUNDI

TGNP YATOA MAFUNZO KWA AZAKi ZINAYOTETEA HAKI ZA WANAWAKE NA USAWA WA KIJINSIA

 

 Mtandao wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP) umeandaa mafunzo ya kuimarisha uwezo 

wa ushawishi na uchechemuzi kwa mashirika yanayotetea haki za mwanamke na

 usawa wa kijinsia yaliyoanza leo 

Desemba 06 hadi 09, 2022 yakiwa na lengo la kuongeza uelewa wa dhana ya

 kijinsia, kuongeza ujuzi wa washiriki wa ushawishi na 

uchechemuzi wa masuala ya kijinsi, kutambua fursa zilizopo kwa ajili ya kuwezesha

 uchechemuzi ngazi ya Serikali pamoja na 

kuandaa mikakati na mipango kwa ajili ya kujega sauti na utendaji wa pamoja

 na katika ushawishi na uchechemuzi wa masuala

 ya kijinsia.

Akizungumza Mwezesha wa Mafunzo hayo Mary Nsemwa amesema washiriki wa 

mafunzo haya ni wadau mbalimbali kutoka Taasisi mbalimbali  zunazoshughulikia 

masuala kijinsia pamoja na haki za wanawake 

hivyo wamekutanishwa hapa na Mtandao wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP) ili kuwaongezea 

uelewa kuhusu masuala ya kijinsia ili 

waweze kuongeza ushawishi zaidi kwenye jamii.

Amesema Suala la ukatili wa kijinsia linatokea kwasababu nyingi lakini ukiangalia

 nyuma ya hili ni kuwa ukatili wa kijinisa umebeba nguvu na mfumo duni kwasababu

  anayefanya ukatili anajiona yeye ndo 

mwenye nguvu kuliko anayemfanyia ukatili mfano ukatili wa mwanaume kwa 

mwanamke hii ni kutokana na Mwanume kujiona 

yeye ana nguvu  na hata jamii pia inamuona ni mtu wa tofauti au mwanamke kwa mtoto

 kwasababu yeye anauwezo wa 

kufanya chochote kwa mtoto wake.

pia amesema wadau hawa wakijengewa uwezo na kujenga sauti ya pamoja ya kukemea

 masuala yote ya ukatili wa kijinsia watakwenda kujenga msingi mzuri hasa kutengeneza

 vuguvugu na nguvu zaidi kwenye suala

 la kupunguza ukatili wa kijinisia maana zikiachwa ziendelee zitakuja kuleta madhara 

makubwa baadae kwenye jamii na 

hasa zitamuumiza sana Mama na mtoto.

Naye mnufauka wa mafunzo Selina Lyapinda ameushukuru Mtandao wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP

) kwa kuweza kuwapa mafunzo hayo kwani yatawaongezea uelewa kwenye masuala 

ya kijinsia na kupambana na masuala haya kwenye jamii ambayo yamekidhiri.

\

Mwezesha wa Mafunzo Mary Nsemwa akiwasilisha mada iliyokuwa inahusu dhana 

za Jinsia na maana yake katika muktadha wa sasa wakati wa mafunzo ya 

kuimarisha uwezo wa ushawishi na uchechemuzi kwa mashirika yanayotetea

 haki za mwanamke na usawa wa kijinsia yaliyoanza leo Desemba 06 hadi 09, 2022 

yakiwa na lengo la kuongeza uelewa wa dhana ya kijinsia yaliyoandaliwa na Mtandao 

wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP) yaliyofanyika leo jijini Dar es Salaam.

Mwezeshaji wa Mafunzo hayo Deo Temba akiwasilisha mada kuhusu kuongeza

 ujuzi wa washiriki wa ushawishi na uchechemuzi wa masuala ya kijinsi na kijinsia 

wa mafunzo ya kuimarisha uwezo wa ushawishi na uchechemuzi kwa mashirika

 yanayotetea haki za mwanamke na usawa wa kijinsia yaliyoanza leo 

Desemba 06 hadi 09, 2022 yaliyoandaliwa na Mtandao wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP) 

yaliyofanyika leo jijini Dar es Salaam.

Baadhi ya washiriki wakichangia mada zinazohusu namna ya kuongeza

 kuongeza ujuzi wa washiriki wa ushawishi na uchechemuzi wa masuala ya 

kijinsi na namna ya kuongeza uelewa wa dhana ya kijinsia kwa mashirika

 yanayotetea haki za mwanamke na usawa wa kijinsia wakati wa mafunzo

 yalioandaliwa na Mtandao wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP) yaliyoanza leo Desemba

 06 hadi 09, 2022.

Baadhi ya washiriki wakijadiliana kwenye makundi  ili kuongeza kuongeza ujuzi 

wa washiriki wa ushawishi na uchechemuzi wa masuala ya kijinsi na namna ya 

kuongeza uelewa wa dhana ya kijinsia kwa mashirika yanayotetea haki za

 mwanamke na usawa wa kijinsia wakati wa mafunzo yalioandaliwa na Mtandao

 wa Jinsia Tanzania (TGNP) yaliyoanza leo Desemba 06 hadi 09, 2022.

The role of Youth and Leaders in the prevention of Violent Extremism in Ruvuma

 Peacebuilding and resilience Communities:

The role of Youth and  Leaders  in the prevention of Violence Extremism in Ruvuma

By Dr. Roseline Fatma Waziri

The legitimacy and value of youth’s role in peacebuilding have advanced Youth in the awareness and mobilization of youth engagement and participation in peacebuilding for resilient communities in Southern regions of Tanzania, bordering Mozambique and Malawi through the #VijananaAmani255 project.

The project is implemented jointly by Global Peace Foundation Tanzania in collaboration the with Prime Minister’s Office, Tanzania Scouts Association, Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation, Youth of United Nations Association of Tanzania, and Global Network of Religions and Children (GRCF) with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

Facilitation during the Youth groups Peace Building awareness in Ruvuma

The project focuses on communities along Tanzania’s southern border, supporting the East African Plan of Action on Youth, Peace, and Security. It is evident that the role of youth in the prevention of Violent Extremism has increasingly been recognized as essential to positively preventing violent, conflicts and building the foundations of peaceful communities.

 However, much of this discourse focuses on generalizations and often fails to highlight the evidence behind these assertions. As a result, key decision-makers tend to have a limited understanding of what youth-led building looks like in grassroots communities.  

In the month of November 2022, #VijanaNaAmani255 project activities have been done in Ruvuma Region by conducting peace-building training in Tunduru District and Nyasa District. The training included; two Workshops with Local Government Authorities on Youth engagement in Peacebuilding, two workshops with religious leaders, cultural leaders, and caregivers/parents, on peacebuilding, two Capacity building workshops on Youth participation in peacebuilding for Youth of Influential community groups, and peacebuilding awareness workshops for students in eight schools and two colleges. The Lukumbule Ward, Narasi Ward, Misechela Ward, Namasakata Ward, Mchangani Ward and Matemanga Ward, in Tunduru District, we targeted while in Nyasa District we targeted Chiwanda Ward, Mpepo Ward, Mbambabay Ward, Kilosa Ward.

Tanzania Scouts Association, the Project partner facilitating during the Peace Building workshop in Ruvuma

All these wards are located along the southern border of Tanzania with Mozambique which needs special attention and consideration due to this geographic location. The workshop involved a total of 25 participants (15 Females and 10 Males) which included; four Ward Land councils, one District Youth Development Officer, two District Community Development officers, one District Commissioner of Scouts, five Ward Executive/Education Officers, five Village Executive Officers, two Social Work Officers, one District Media Officer, two District Migration Officers.

The purpose was to empower LGAs in engaging young people in peacebuilding for resilient communities and sustainable development. The LGA are the ones who are regularly working on peace issues, and they have a role to engage youth in decision-making.

Speaking on the opening of the workshop the acting District Commissioner of Nyasa, who is also District Commissioner of Mbinga, Aziza Ally Msongosso congratulated GPF for taking lead in the initiative, “I would like to thank Global Peace Foundation Tanzania for taking initiative to conduct this workshop in our district. Today, I am happy that we bring together Religious leaders, Parents and Caregivers who are the key guardians of our youth in the community. Let every one of us take an active role in ensuring proper parenting and ensuring youth becomes peace champions in our district". 

With regard to poverty among youth as a push factor to violent acts, the participants agreed to continue empowering the Youth economically so as to reduce the risk of violence recruitment influenced by poverty, as well as create a friendly environment for youth to report early signs of violent extremism in their areas. Engaging them in community entrepreneurship and livelihood programs through capacity building and training and loan accessing was among the key points discussed. 

In support of that, Mr. Nassibu Mwaifunga, of the PMOs pledged that  “I would like to assure you all that, the Prime Minister’s Office is ready to provide loans to youth groups of up to 50,000,000/=. I am calling the District Commissioner’s Office to submit proposals for youth who needs such support and we will work on them because funds are there and they have been specifically allocated for youth. Let us ensure they grab this important opportunity since it has a direct impact on the peace and security of their areas”. said Mwaifunga. 

 It is high time now for the inclusion of youth in decision-making by participating in conferences, producing policy papers, organizing forums, as well as establishing alliances, networks, councils, and clubs to connect young peacebuilders, build their capacity and leadership, and promote their participation in peacebuilding frameworks.

Much of the value of this work lies in the youth’s ability for outreach and mobilization, reaching young people that governments and international organizations often fail to reach. They are very much at the frontlines of peacebuilding in their community, acting as the ‘eyes and ears of their youth constituencies. While the evidence gap is likely closing, there is still a need to map out the innovative ways in which youth peacebuilders operate within their context, in order to demonstrate that investing in youth peacebuilders is key to building resilience among their communities and countries. In the end, both workshop participants agreed to engage youth on peace issues through village meeting levels by providing awareness to young people.

Success

GPF and its partners have successfully received strong support and collaboration with the authorities in Ruvuma from the Regional level, to District Level to the community (grassroots). Also, we successfully met with a relevant audience targeted from the respective areas which are the most vulnerable to violent extremism. We successfully engaged people with disabilities in the workshops with LGAs in pursuit to leave no one behind

Lessons Learned

There were a lot of things to share from the community among themselves concerning the matter of the prevention of violent extremism. Time was not enough at all considering that we had to wrap up the training sessions early to allow those who were living very far from the training venue to be able to get transport. It seems one day for the workshop with LGAs was not enough, we need to conduct it for at least two or three days with residential facilities for participants. The fact that LGAs in Ruvuma are well aware of the matter of violent extremism and were open and willing to share what happens in their areas as well as what efforts they are doing to PVE. For effective coordination of the project, early confirmation with local authorities as well as participants of the events is highly needed to make the project successful.

 

Challenges

The number of women was low compared to men due to the fact that, few women are in leadership positions.

Recommendations / Way forward

        i.            There should be more and regular training on peace and security to the District Council leaders

       ii.            During the training, LGAs at the local level, (Villages, wards, hamlets/Vitongoji) and villages’ security and safety committees should be involved so that to engage more key grassroots stakeholders.

     iii.            The number of days should be increased from one day to at least two days to enable participants to cover more details. Participants need more discussion and enough time to develop action plans.

 

 

Agreed follow-up activities

     i.   The LGAs members agreed to provide awareness of peace among youth in their community meetings.

The LGAs agreed to continuously support young people economically to reduce the possibility of VE